1.shirt的基本意思是“衬衫,衬衣”,通常指男用的衬衫或衬衣。
2.shirt有时可借助单位词表示不确定的可数性。

give the shirt off one's back
什么都给 give everything to others
▲give sb the shirt off one's back
He'd give you the shirt off his back.他愿意什么都给你。

keep one's shirt on
〈口〉保持镇静; 不发脾气 remain calm; not lose one's temper
Hey, keep your shirt on! I'll be with you in a minute.嘿,耐心点儿,我马上就来。
Bob got very angry when John accidentally bumped into him, but John told him to keep his shirt on.当约翰不巧撞着鲍勃时,鲍勃很生气,但约翰叫他别发火。

lose one's shirt
〈非正〉丧失全部财产 lose everything
Mr. Matthews lost his shirt betting on the horses.马修斯先生赌赛马把钱输光了。
I went racing at Epsom last week and lost my shirt on the first race!上周我去埃普索姆赛马场赛马,结果第一场就输得精光!

put one's shirt on
把钱全部押在…上; 孤注一掷 bet all one's money on sth
The horse lost, and Jim had put his shirt on it! 这匹马输了,而吉姆把钱全押在了这匹马身上!
He has put his shirt on his team winning the trophy.他孤注一掷,赌自己的队一定能获胜。

work in one's shirt sleeve
在办公室不穿着外套上班; 不拘形式 work without wearing a coat or jacket
It is still very formal in our office, we can't work in our shirt sleeves even in the hottest weather.我们办公室的规矩非常严,甚至在最热的天气里也得穿着外套上班。

This shirt is made of cotton.这件衬衣是用棉布做的。
My shirt is the worse for wear.我的衬衫穿破了。
He has not a shirt to his back.他衣不遮体。
He stained his shirt with spilt soup.他洒了汤,弄脏了衬衣。
He wore a woolen vest beneath his shirt.他在衬衫里面穿了一件羊毛背心。
She made a blouse out of an old shirt of her father's.她用父亲的一件旧衬衣做了一件女上衣。
At a word the salesgirl brought out three shirts of different sizes for the customer to choose from.女售货员一听,立即拿出了三件不同尺码的衬衣,任那位顾客挑选。
The man had his hand bound up with shabby strips of shirt.那人将他的手用一些破衬衣布条包扎起来。

［词源］  ＜中古英语shert＜古英语scyrt(衬衫)