1.rule的基本意思是“用尺子划,在…划平行线”。引申可作“统治”“控制”解,即运用权力或权威特别是制定法律、法令等来规范、控制或指导其他人或民族、国家等的行为。rule还可指“裁决”“拒绝考虑某事”“保持某一水平”等。
2.rule可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时接名词、代词或that从句作宾语, that从句里的谓语动词可用虚拟式。
3.rule有时可作“受制于”“冲动”解,这时须用于被动结构。
4.rule还可以接以“(to be+)adj./prep.-phrase”或动词不定式充当补足语的复合宾语。rule有时也可用作系动词,接形容词作表语。
5.rule后接副词out表示“把…排除在外”。
6.rule的过去分词ruled和现在分词ruling可用作形容词,在句中作定语。

rule against(v.+prep.)
作出不利于…的裁决 make a formal decision not in favour of (sb/sth)
〔说明〕 rule against通常不用于进行体。
▲rule against sb/sth/v-ing
The representatives ruled against the motion.代表们否决了这项动议。
The government has ruled against any increase in taxes this year.政府作出决定,今年不增加税收。
The judge ruled against the plaintiff.法官作出不利于原告的裁决。
The chairman ruled against admitting the press to the meeting.主席决定,不准新闻记者到会采访。

rule off(v.+adv.)
1.画线隔开 separate by ruling a line
〔说明〕 rule off作此解时通常不用于进行体。
▲rule off
When you have finished an exercise, rule off.做完一个练习,就画一条线隔开。
▲rule sth⇔off
He added up the list of figures and ruled it off neatly.他把这一列数字合计一下,然后清晰地画了一条线将其隔开。
Rule off the column and we'll close the account at that date.画线把那栏隔开,我们将按那个日期结账。
2.使…不能 cause sb not to do sth
▲rule sb⇔off for sth
A bad leg ruled him off for long distance running.他的腿痛使他不能参加长跑。
The referee ruled him off for rough attitude.裁判员因他的态度粗暴而不准他参加比赛。

rule on(v.+prep.)
就…进行裁决或作出决定 make a formal decision about sth
〔说明〕 rule on通常不用于进行体。
▲rule on sth
The court will rule on the matter.法院将对此事作出裁决。
The judges have been asked to rule on the question of the lawfulness of the drug in medical use.已经要求法官对这种药物用于医疗的合法性问题作出裁决。

rule out(v.+adv.)
〔说明〕 rule out通常不用于进行体。
1.用直线画掉 cover (sth written) with a straight line so that it cannot be read
▲rule sth⇔out
Rule out neatly any words which you don't wish the examiner to read.把你不想让主考人看的词句整整齐齐地画掉。
2.宣布…不可能; 排除…的可能性 prevent sb from sth/doing sth; prevent sth from happening; make sth impossible; exclude a possibility
▲rule sb/sth⇔out
The regulations rule out anyone under the age of eighteen. 按规定,18岁以下的人都不能参加。
A sudden storm ruled out the boat race.突如其来的暴风雨使划船比赛无法进行。
But this does not rule out unofficial discussions.但这并不排除进行非正式的讨论。
So I should ask you not to rule out that possibility.因此我想请你不要不考虑这个可能性。
Police have ruled out murder but are still holding several people for questioning.警方已排除了他杀的可能性,但仍然拘留数人进行询问。
◇ 用于be ～ed结构
That's a possibility that can't be ruled out.那是一个不能不予考虑的可能性。
He said the possibility was not ruled out for them to meet again in June.他说不排除他们6月份再次会晤的可能性。

rule over(v.+prep.)
作为君主或首领来统治 act as a king, queen, or other governor of (usually a nation)
▲rule over sb/sth
The parents ruled over their children.父母亲监管着孩子。
He ruled over his people with cruelty. 他残酷地统治他的人民。
An emperor is a monarch who rules over an empire.皇帝就是统治一个帝国的君主。
He was the only person who could rule over the tribes.他是唯一能统治那些部族的人。
They ruled over that country for more than 300 years.他们统治那个国家达三百多年之久。
Gessler ruled over Switzerland. The Swiss people hated him.盖斯勒统治着瑞士,瑞士人都痛恨他。
He ruled over the country with great justice.他治国非常公正。
They no longer rule over any overseas dominions.他们不再拥有什么海外领土了。

rule with(v.+prep.)
用…方式管理 govern (sth such a group) in a (very severe) way
▲rule with sth
He sent a special governor to Altorf, a man named Gressber, who would rule with a firm hand.他往阿尔托夫城派了一个特别总督—一个名叫盖斯勒的人,这个人要用铁的手腕来统治。
▲rule sb/sth with sth
The headmaster ruled the school with a stern discipline.校长治校严谨。
Mark said that he would like to rule a small kingdom with a rod of iron.马克说他很想能严格统治一个小王国。
◇ 用于be ～ed结构
John is ruled by his wife with a rod of iron. 约翰被他的妻子严加管束。

用作不及物动词
▲S+～(+A)
The British monarchs reign but do not rule.大不列颠君主称王但没有统治权。
The majority rules in a democracy. 民主国家一切听任多数人的意见裁决。
Obviously economic forces rule.很显然经济力量起决定作用。
用作系动词
▲S+～+adj.
Despots seldom rule long.暴政短命。
Crops rule good.庄稼长势都很好。
Prices ruled low.物价普遍偏低。
The market rules high in that country.那个国家里市场价格昂贵。
The marks for English exams this term ruled high.这学期几次英语考试分数普遍偏高。
用作及物动词
▲S+～+n./pron.
He ruled the test paper carefully.他小心地在考卷上划直线。
He used a ruler to rule the paper.他用尺子在纸上划直线。
She ruled a line and numbered it off; one inch representing three feet.她画了一条线,标上数字,每英寸代表三英尺。
Is it true that Mrs. Robert rules her husband?罗伯特夫人真的对罗伯特先生管得很严吗?
She couldn't rule herself that moment.当时她不能控制自己。
She could rule her children.她能支配自己的孩子。
He couldn't even rule that small province.他甚至控制不住那个小省。
The King ruled his people well and wisely.这位国王贤明地统治着他的臣民。
Who rules this country?谁治理这个国家?
The times when colonialists ruled Africa is over.殖民主义者统治非洲的时代已经过去了。
His reason ruled his anger.他凭理智抑制了愤怒。
Silence ruled the room.房间里一片寂静。
I always like Napoleon from when I was six on because he was small and had ruled the world.我从6岁起就一直喜欢拿破仑,就是因为他个儿小却统治了世界。
◇ 用于be ～ed结构
Everything is ruled by his brother.一切都由他哥哥决定。
He did not want himself to be ruled by others.他不愿意自己受人控制。
Some feudal states were ruled by autocratic kings.有些封建国家由专制的国王统治。
Don't be ruled by personal interests.不要被个人利益所支配。
Don't be ruled by your passions.不要被强烈感情所支配。
▲S+～+that-clause
The judge ruled that the new evidence should be considered.法官宣布新的证词应予以注意。
The judge ruled that the witness (should) be heard.那位法官裁定要传唤证人问话。
The judge ruled that he must stop beating his wife.法官裁决他必须停止打他的妻子。
The judge ruled that they had no right to ask such a question.法官宣布他们无权提这样的问题。
The chairman ruled that my action was a violation of the law.主席裁决我的行为是违犯法律的。
用作宾补动词
▲S+～+n./pron.+(to be) adj./prep.-phrase
She tried to rule herself not to be angry. 她竭力控制自己不发火。
The judge ruled him incompetent to stand trial.法官裁定他没有受审的行为能力。
The committee ruled Nigel's proposal out of court because it was too expensive.委员会拒绝了奈杰尔的建议,因为他的建议花费太大。
◇ 用于be ～ed结构
These documents were ruled irrelevant.这些文件已判定与本案无关。
▲S+～+n./pron.+to-v
He ruled himself not to intervene.他克制自己不要干预。
其他
▲v-ed as Attrib.
In this country ruled by law, few criminals can get away with their crimes. 在这个法治国家里,罪犯无法逃脱罪有应得的惩罚。
Do you want ruled paper or plain?你要有格的纸还是白纸?
▲v-ing as Attrib.
The ruling classes will not step off the stage of history of their own accord.统治阶级不会自动退出历史舞台。

rule, control, govern
这三个词都有“管理”“支配”“控制”的意思。其区别在于:
1.control指一般人对一般事物的一般控制与约束; govern指靠权力、专制或按宪法来系统地“管理”“统治”国家、城市、机构等; rule是一个正式的、庄重的用语,常用于贬义,比govern更专权地“管理”“统治”。例如:
The processes are all electronically controlled.各道程序都用电脑控制。
Canada is governed by a prime minister and his cabinet.加拿大是由总理及内阁来管理的。
A long time ago, the tiny country of Switzerland was ruled by Austria.很久以前,瑞士这个小国被奥地利统治。
2.control含有强制使其服从的意味; 而govern含有需要知识和判断能力来治理和管理的意味; rule则含有专制的或独裁的意味。例如:
All our calculations and experiments are carefully controlled.我们的一切计算和实验都受到严格控制。
In a democracy, an administration governs with the consent of the majority.在一个民主的国家里,行政部门是按绝大多数人的意志去进行管理的。
He was ruled by his wife.他受他妻子控制。

［同义词］ n.  canon, command, condition, control, course, direction, government, guide, method, order, power, practice, principle, standard v.  command, control, decide, direct, establish, govern, judge, lead, manage, regulate, settle
［词源］  ＜中古英语reule＜拉丁语regula(统治者,统治)

1.rule的基本意思是“规则,规章,规定,条例”,可指指导、控制行为或行动的条规和惯例,也可指一组织强制其内部人员必须做什么或绝不能做什么的规定,是可数名词。
2.rule也可表示“习惯或惯常的做法”,通常用作单数形式。
3.rule用作不可数名词时可表示“统治,管理”。
4.rule还可作“尺,折尺”解,是可数名词。

as a rule
通常; 一般说来 usually
They sum up their experience at the end of every year as a rule.他们通常在年终总结经验。
As a rule I catch the seven o'clock train to work so that I can be sure of getting a seat.我通常是赶7点的火车去上班,这样我能保证找到座位。

bear rule over
支配(某人) control sb
He had the strength and power, he meant to bear rule over others and he expected tributes from them.他有权有势,想支配人,要人们拜倒在他的脚下。

bend the rules
放宽限制,通融 soften the terms; make an exception in sb's favour
Gerald bent the rules and carried an extra club in the golf competition, but nobody noticed.杰拉尔德犯规,他在高尔夫球比赛中多带了一根球杆,不过没有人注意。
She was only one day over the age limit so the organizers bent the rules and accepted her entry.她仅超过年龄限制一天,因此组织者通融了一下,接受她入会。

by rule
循规蹈矩地 according to rule
They speak by rule and by book, though they judge and determine by common-sense.虽然他们凭常识作出判断,可是他们却按常规惯例和书本讲话。

by rule and line
准确地,精密地 accurately
You must measure the length by rule and line.你必须准确地计量长度。
He works always by rule and line, never by chance or guess.他一向办事精细,从不靠运气或凭猜测。

ground rules
基本规则 basic rules
You shouldn't express your opinion in this organization until you've learned the ground rules.在你没有弄懂基本规则之前,你不该在这个组织发表自己的意见。

rule of sea〔road〕
航行规则; 交通规则 accepted laws governing ships/road vehicles
A powered vessel should give way to sail—it is an unwritten rule of the sea.机动船在遇到帆船时必须让其先行,这是一条不成文的航行规则。
If a naval maneuvre requires ships to pass starboard side to starboard side, the rule of road is waived.如果海军演习要求船只右舷对右舷通过,航行规则就失效了。

rule of thumb
凭感觉做的方法; 单凭经验的方法 practical (rather than theoretical) method
I never weigh anything when I'm cooking—I just do it by rule of thumb.我烧菜从不称分量,我单凭感觉就知道分量多少。
I haven't been taught the finer points of carpentry,I just make things by rule of thumb.我没有受过做木工活的专门训练,只不过是靠经验而已。
As a rule of thumb, the bigger the company the easier it is to buy and sell.凭经验来说,公司越大,做买卖越容易。

rules and regulations
琐碎而烦人的规定 small annoying rules
I get so annoyed by all these petty rules and regulations.这些琐碎的规章制度使我很恼火。
You must obey all the rules and regulations about car insurance.你必须遵照有关汽车保险的一切规定。

under the rule of
在…的统治〔管理〕之下 under the control or management of sb/sth
The most part of the Balkans was at one time under the rule of Turkey.巴尔干的大部分地区一度曾由土耳其统治。
Under the wise rule of the headmaster the middle school flourished.在校长得力的管理下,这所中学得以发展起来。

work to rule
照章工作 follow the rules of one's occupation with excessive strictness in order to cause delay, as a form of industrial protest
The union has ordered its members to work to rule, rather than call a total strike.工会命令其成员消极怠工,而不是要求总罢工。

One rule for all doesn't work.一刀切是不行的。
The rule has been in abeyance since 1980.这一规定自1980年起失效。
The rule has no application to this particular case.那项规定不适用于这一特定情况。
There is no rule against it.没有禁止这种做法的规定。
You must obey the rule. 你必须遵守规定。
They argued her out of violating the operating rule.他们说服她别违反操作规程。
You must obey the rules of the game.你必须遵守游戏的规则。
You'll have to fight through a lot of opposition to get the rules changed.你们必须力排众议,以求变法。
It is against the rules of the school to keep pets.饲养宠物是违反学校规定的。
Everything has been done in accordance with the rules.一切都是按规定进行的。
He broke the rule that family discord should never reach the ears of outsiders.他打破了家庭不和不可外扬的惯例。
It is my rule to get up early.我习惯早起。
It has been a rule for years never to interrupt father in the morning.多年来我们从不在早上打搅父亲。
She makes a rule of going for a walk every afternoon.她有每天下午散步的习惯。
He makes it a rule to do morning exercises every day.他每天必做早操。
They were determined to liberate the people from the puppet regime's dark rule.他们决心把人民从傀儡政权的黑暗统治下解放出来。
These are the countries that were once under French rule.这些是曾由法国统治的国家。
He knows the decimal rules.他懂得十进制的用法。
Use a rule to measure the width of that cloth.用尺子量一下那块布的宽度。

rule, ruler
参见ruler条。
as a rule, as usual
这两个短语的共同意思是“通常”。其区别在于:前者可以不受时态的限制,而后者则多用于一般过去时。例如:
As a rule he went home twice a week.他照例每星期回家两次。
It snowed all day, but the bus ran as usual.雪下了一整天,可公共汽车仍照常行驶。
rule, law, statute
参见law条。
下面两个句子的意思相同:
It is a rule with us not to smoke at staff
conferences.
It is our rule not to smoke at staff confer-
ences.
我们的规定是不准在职工会上抽烟。

1.他们养成了每天做早操的习惯,因此他们比以前强壮得多。
［误］  They make a rule to do morning exercises every day, so they are much stronger than ever.
［正］  They make it a rule to do morning exercises every day, so they are much stronger than ever.
［析］  make sth a rule是“形成规律”“养成习惯”的意思, a rule是补语,在这种结构中,常用it作形式宾语,而用动词不定式或从句作真正的宾语放在rule之后。
2.我们通常六点起床。
［误］  For a rule, we get up about six o'clock.
［正］  As a rule, we get up about six o'clock.
［析］  as a rule意为“通常”“一般说来”,常常用于概括说明某件事情, as不可换为for。