1.roll的基本意思是“滚动”,指一个物体(如圆柱体)在另一物体接触面上不断移动; 引申可表示“卷”“把…卷成筒状”“碾平”等; 在非正式英语中,可指岁月“流逝”,时间不知不觉地“度过”等。
2.roll既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,接名词、代词作宾语,也可接双宾语,其间接宾语可以转化成介词for的宾语,有时还可接由形容词充当补足语的复合宾语。

roll across(v.+prep.)
在…中翻腾 seethe across
▲roll across sth
Dark clouds rolled across the skies.乌云在天空中翻腾。

roll along１(v.+adv.)
滚滚向前 turn forwards
▲roll along
Like the Mississippi, it just keeps rolling along.就像密西西比河河水一样,它不断地滚滚向前。
The automobile rolled along.汽车驶向前去。
We were rolling along merrily when suddenly we had a burst tyre.我们正高高兴兴地坐着车子前进,一下子车胎爆了。

roll along2(v.+prep.)
沿…滚动 turn upside down or inside out along sth
▲roll sth along sth
That boy rolled the ball along the ground.那孩子在地上滚球。

roll at(v.+prep.)
(眼睛)盯着…打转 fix one's eyes on sb
▲roll at sb
His eyes rolled strangely at me.他的眼珠奇怪地盯着我打转。

roll away(v.+adv.)
消散 scatter and disappear
▲roll away
The clouds are rolling away.云彩消散开去。
▲roll sth⇔away
The sun soon rolled the mist away.太阳很快驱散了薄雾。

roll back(v.+adv.)
1.滚回; 使滚回; 卷起 (cause to) move back by turning over and over
▲roll back
The ball rolled back.球滚回来了。
▲roll sth⇔back
Let's roll back the carpet and have a dance.让我们卷起地毯来跳舞。
I think it would look better if you rolled the hair back from your face.我想你把前面的头发卷起来会更好看些。
2.使(物价)压减为标准水平 reduce (price of commodity) to a standard level
▲roll sth⇔back
The authorities took measures to roll commodity price back.当局采取措施使物价全面回降。
The firm is on trial for refusing to roll back its pay increases to the level allowed by law.公司因拒绝将工资增额压低到法定水平而受审。
3.使退却; 击退 cause to retreat or withdraw; push back
▲roll sb/sth⇔back
They have rolled back the invading enemy force.他们已击退入侵的敌人。
The new administration is confident of rolling back the tide of unrest which is sweeping the country.新的行政当局对平息席卷全国的动乱充满信心。

roll by(v.+adv.)
流逝 go steadily past
▲roll by
The years rolled by.岁月流逝。
Centuries rolled by.几个世纪过去了。

roll down(v.+prep.)
(使)滚下 (cause to) move along on wheels or by turning over and over
▲roll down sth
At the moment heavy rocks and stones rolled down the hillside.这时,沉重的石块沿着山坡滚了下来。
She could not help her tears of gratitude rolling down her face.她感激的泪珠禁不住沿着面颊流了下来。

roll in１(v.+adv.)
滚滚而来 move or come in or together in large numbers or quantities
▲roll in
The waves rolled in to the beach.波浪滚滚涌上海滩。
The fog rolled in from the water.雾气滚滚涌出水面。
Delegates rolled in from all parts of the country.代表们从国家的四面八方来到这里。
When they were in need of certain new farming implements, offers of help rolled in from all the nearby factories.当他们需要某些新农具时,附近各工厂的支援便源源而来。

roll in2(v.+prep.)
拥有大量(钱财) have plenty of (money)
▲roll in sth
She is rolling in money. 她非常有钱。
Why do they want this?They're rolling in dollars.他们要这干吗?他们有的是美元。

roll into(v.+prep.)
(使)滚进 (cause to) move along on wheels or by turning over and over into sth
▲roll into sth
The ball rolled into the hole.球滚到洞里去了。
The ocean waves rolled into the shore.波浪卷向海岸。
▲roll sth into sth
The man rolled the barrel into the yard.那个人把圆桶滚进院中。
He rolled the clay into a ball.他用双手把泥坯滚成一个球。

roll off(v.+adv.)
印出; 复印出 print by passing paper etc.
▲roll sth⇔off
Books roll off the printing machine at the rate of two a week.书籍以一星期两本的速率从印刷机印出。
◇ 用于be ～ed结构
A couple of dozen prints were rolled off in no time.一下子就印好了几十张图片。

roll on(v.+adv.)
滚滚向前,飞驰 move forward steadily and continuously
▲roll on
The Yangtze River rolls on eastwards.长江滚滚向东流。
Our lorry rolled on through the morning wind.我们的卡车迎着晨风向前奔驰。
Time rolls on, waiting for no man.时光流逝不待人。
The wheel of history rolls on.历史的车轮滚滚向前。

roll onto(v.+prep.)
滚上 turn over sth on sth
▲roll sth onto sth
We rolled the barrels of oil onto the ship.我们把油桶滚到船上。

roll out(v.+adv.)
1.铺开; 碾平 spread out by unrolling; flatten into a sheet by rolling
▲roll sth⇔ out
They rolled out the red carpet for the guests.他们铺开红地毯迎接客人。
Spread some flour on the table and roll the pastry out very thin.在桌上撒些面粉并把面皮弄得薄一点。
2.滔滔不绝地讲出来; 发出洪亮的声音 come forth copiously; make a deep and sonorous sound
▲roll out
The speech rolled out from his lips.他滔滔不绝地演讲。
▲roll sth⇔out
He rolled out the words, so that everyone could hear.他声音洪亮,因此每个人都能听见。
3.起床 get out of bed
▲roll out
I rolled out about three o'clock in the morning to ride guard till daylight.我凌晨三点左右起床,一直站岗到天亮。
4.滚了出来 seethe out
▲roll out
A pot fell over and some stones rolled out.一个罐子倒了,一些石子滚了出来。

roll over(v.+adv.)
从(边上)滚下; (使)翻滚,(使)打滚 rotate and fall over (an edge); turn completely or partially over
▲roll over
The car hit a lamppost and rolled over twice before coming to a stop. 那辆汽车撞在电灯杆上,翻了两个滚儿才停住。
Every time I rolled over,I woke up because I put my weight on my wounded knee. 每次翻身我都要醒来,因为压住了受伤的膝部。
My horse fell and rolled over on me.我的马倒下来滚在我身上。
▲roll sb/sth⇔over
A bicycle hit me and rolled me over.一辆自行车把我撞了个跟头。
The policeman rolled the body over to look for the missing gun.警察把尸体翻过来,寻找失踪的手枪。

roll round１(v.+adv.)
转动; 循环 spin on or as if on an axis
▲roll round
The globe is rolling round all the time.地球一直在转动。
Spring rolled round again.春天又来了。

roll round2(v.+prep.)
把…裹在…上 wrap sth on sb
▲roll sth round sb/sth
He rolled the sheet round her.他把床单裹在她身上。

roll up(v.+adv.)
1.卷起; 卷成圆筒形或球形 make or put into the form of a roll; take the form of a cylinder of ball
▲roll sb/oneself/sth⇔up
Rolling up his trousers, he worked with the others in the fields.他卷起裤腿,和别人一道在田里干了起来。
He rolled the picture up in some paper.他用一些纸把画裹了起来。
Let's roll up the carpet.咱们来把地毯卷起来。
He rolled his clothes up to make a pillow.他把衣服卷起来当枕头。
His father took the painting out from the frame and rolled it up for storage.他父亲将那幅画从画框里取出,卷好后收藏起来了。
They rolled the child up in a blanket.他们用毯子把孩子裹了起来。
She rolled herself up in the blankets.她把自己裹在毛毯中。
2.到达; 出现 arrive; appear
▲roll up
We rolled up to the front porch.我们坐车抵达前门廊。
Roll up and see the lions.大家过来看狮子吧!
Roll up and see the sights!大家过来观看景色吧!
Roll up, roll up!See the great magician perform his famous tricks!请进,请进!请来观看魔术大师表演他的拿手好戏!
Curious sightseers rolled up in their hundreds.数以百计的好奇的观光客都涌到那儿。
3.大量积累 acquire or increase by successive accumulation
▲roll up
His debts were rolling up.他债台高筑。
Club membership has been rolling up for the past few months.在过去的几个月里俱乐部的成员一直在增加。
▲roll sth⇔up
He rolled up a huge fortune.他积累起大笔财产。

roll with(v.+prep.)
因…而转动 seethe because of sth
▲roll with sth
His eyes were rolling with fear.他的双眼因害怕而转动着。

用作不及物动词
▲S+～(+A)
Round things roll easily.圆的东西容易滚动。
The wire rolled easily.这种金属线便于卷绕。
The tennis courts rolled easily after the shower.阵雨后网球场容易碾平。
The drums rolled.鼓声隆隆。
用作及物动词
▲S+～+n./pron.
The child was rolling a hoop.那个孩子在滚铁环。
A river rolls the stones along its bed.流水把河床里的石头冲得翻滚而下。
We rolled a big snowball.我们滚了个大雪球。
He was rolling something in his fingers.他用手指反复捻动什么东西。
He rolled some tobacco and made a cigarette.他把烟丝裹起来,卷成一根纸烟。
They were rolling the road.他们正在碾压道路。
Roll the ball to me.把球滚给我。
◇ 用于be ～ed结构
Last October the first batch of low-alloy channel steel was successfully rolled.去年10月,成功轧出第一批低合金槽钢。
用作双宾动词
▲S+～+pron./n.+n./pron.
Please roll me a cigarette.请替我卷一支烟。
▲S+～+n./pron.+for pron./n.
Please roll a cigarette for me.请替我卷一支烟。
用作宾补动词
▲S+～+n./pron.+n./adj.
Roll the pastry flat! 把油酥面团擀平!
Roll the road surface flat!把路面碾平!

roll是可数名词,基本意思是“卷状物”,指成卷状的物品。引申可指“打滚,滚动”“摇晃”,还可指“名册”。

Wallpaper is bought in rolls.壁纸是成卷买的。
Six brown rolls, please.请给我来6个黑面包。
His name has been on the roll of the club for ten years.十年来,他一直是该俱乐部的成员。
He regularly attends church and is on the parish roll.他定期去做礼拜,是教区的一名教徒。
The school principal announced the honor roll list.校长宣布了优等生名单。
Our dog loves a roll on the grass.我们的狗喜爱在草地上打滚。
We felt the train begin to vibrate with the roll of wheel along the track.随着车轮在轨道上的滚动,我们感到火车震动起来了。
A drum roll preceded the most dangerous part of the performance.演出快进行到最惊险的部分时响起了咚咚的鼓声。
We heard the distant roll of the big guns.我们听到远处的隆隆的大炮声。

roll, catalogue, list, table
参见list条。

［同义词］ v.  reel, rock, turn, wind n.  cycle, list, record, register, turn, wheel
［词源］  ＜中古英语rollen＜古英语roller＜拉丁语rotula(滚动)