1.punish的基本意思是“罚,处罚”,指因践踏法律、违抗权威或一般地做错了事而对其强制的惩罚。引申可指“粗暴地对待,痛打”。punish用于口语中还可指“大量消耗,吃光”。
2.punish多用于及物动词,后接名词或代词作宾语。常用于被动结构。
3.punish后接介词for,表示处罚的原因,接with或by表示处罚的方式或手段。

punish as(v.+prep.)
作为…来惩罚 imprison sb/sth as sth
▲punish sb/sth as sb
They punished the idler as criminals.他们把懒汉作为罪犯来惩罚。


punish for(v.+prep.)
为…惩罚… give (sb or an animal) a punishment because of sth or doing sth
▲punish sb/sth for sth/v-ing
He punished the children for their carelessness by making them pay for the damage.他因孩子们粗心大意而让他们赔偿损失。
Their mother punished them for their rudeness.母亲因为他们态度粗鲁而责罚他们。
You can't punish me for something I didn't do.你不能为我没做过的事情而惩罚我。
He punished his son for lying.他因儿子撒谎而处罚他。
◇ 用于be ～ed结构
The dog will have to be punished for biting the postman.这条狗咬了邮递员,它必将为此受到惩罚。
The boy was punished for being late.男孩因迟到而被罚。
Motorists should be severely punished for dangerous driving.危险驾驶的开车人士应受到严惩。
He's sorry for what he did and he's been punished for it.他为自己的行为难过,并因此而受到处分。


punish with〔by〕(v.+prep.)
以…处罚… give sb a punishment consisting of sth
▲punish sb with/by sth/v-ing
They punished him with death.他们判处他死刑。
The mother punished her child by not allowing him to go out.母亲处罚自己的孩子,不准他出去。
The soldiers severely punished the enemy by machine guns.战士们用机关枪痛击敌人。
◇ 用于be ～ed结构
Any sailor who disobeys will be punished with six strokes of the whip.任何违令的船员将被打六鞭子。
The schoolboys are generally punished with some loss of their free time.通常说来,学校总是用剥夺一些自由活动时间的方法来惩罚男同学。
Serious crime must be punished by longer terms of imprisonment.重罪须处以长期监禁。
Any attempt to escape would be punished not only by death but by torture as well.任何人企图逃跑都将受到惩罚,不仅处死,死之前还要受酷刑折磨。

用作及物动词
▲S+～+n./pron.
We must firmly expose and punish embezzlers and grafters, speculators and lawbreakers.我们必须坚决揭露和惩处贪污盗窃、投机倒把、违法乱纪分子。
It wasn't your fault; stop punishing yourself!这不是你的过错,不要再怪自己了。
He punished his opponent with fierce punches to the body.他猛击对手的身体。
Chapman punished the bowling.查普曼连连得分。
The old man punished the cold beef.老人猛吃冷牛肉。
He punished my champagne.他大喝我的香槟。
◇ 用于be ～ed结构
He got off with a warning that he would be severely punished if he did it again.他没受处罚,但受到了警告,如果下次再犯,他将受到惩罚。

punish, correct
这两个词都可作“惩处”解。其区别是:前者侧重“惩罚”; 后者意为“惩戒”,使受罚者改过自新。

他因驾车超速而被罚。
［误］  He was punished with speeding.
［正］  He was punished for speeding.
［析］  表示“因…受罚”用punish for,而punish with表示“用…来惩罚”。

［派生词］ punishable  adj.可依法惩罚的，应惩处的确 ‖punishing  adj.十分吃力的；使人筋疲力尽的；严厉的
［同义词］   chasten, discipline, scold
［词源］  ＜中古英语punischen＜拉丁语punire(惩罚,处罚)