1.permeate的基本意思是“弥漫”“充满”“渗透”,指任何种类的液体或气体“渗入”“透过”某种物质或实体的所有细孔、空隙,也可引申指某种意识、现象等“充满”“遍布”一个区域。
2.permeate可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,接名词或代词作宾语,用作不及物动词时,常与介词among〔through,with〕连用。

permeate among〔through〕(v.+prep.)
在…蔓延,渗透 spread thoroughly into (sth)
▲permeate among〔through〕 sb/sth
Water permeated through the cracks in the walls.水从墙上的裂缝渗入。
If the tip leaks, dangerous chemicals may permeate through rocks and soil into rivers.如果垃圾倾倒场发生泄漏,危险的化学物质就可能穿过岩石和土壤渗入江河。
New ways of thinking are permeating among the students.新的思想方法正在学生间传开。
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permeate with(v.+prep.)
充满…,渗透着… be thoroughly filled with (sth such as a quality)
▲permeate with sth
The air permeated with smoke.空气中弥漫了烟雾。
▲permeate sth with sth
◇ 用于be ～ed结构
The banquet was permeated with an atmosphere of friendship.宴会洋溢着友谊的气氛。
His public speeches were permeated with hatred of injustice.在他对民众的演说里,充满了对不公正的愤慨。

用作及物动词
▲S+～+n./pron.
The rain permeated the old tent.雨水渗透了旧帐篷。
The odor of frying onions permeated the air.空气中弥漫着炒洋葱的气味。
The fear permeates their thought.他们心中充满了恐惧。

permeate, impenetrate, impregnate, interpenetrate, penetrate, pervade, saturate
参见penetrate条。