1.judge的基本意思是“评判”“审判”,指法庭或类似(如仲裁)机构对悬而未决或争论不止的事依据证据、法律或道德标准等作出判断。引申可指“评价”。
2.judge还可表示“断定”,指人根据自己的逻辑思维对他人〔物、事物〕作出判断。judge可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词,用作及物动词时接名词、代词或带疑问词的动词不定式作宾语,也可接that从句、疑问词从句作宾语。可用于被动结构。
3.judge还可接以动词不定式、介词短语或“(to be+) n./adj.”充当补足语的复合宾语。充当judge宾语补足语的动词不定式可带to,也可不带to。当该动词不定式所表示的时间先于judge所表示的时间时,应用不定式的完成式,且to不可省略。
4.当judge接以动词不定式充当宾语,形容词或名词充当其补足语的复合结构时,通常采用形式宾语的结构,即以it作形式宾语,而将真正宾语动词不定式置于补语的后面。
5.judge可接介词by或from表示“根据…作出判断”,两者意思上无差别。judge by〔from〕引导的分句其主语与句子主语并不一定一致。

judge between(v.+prep.)
在…间判定优劣 decide which is the better of two things or people
〔说明〕 judge between通常不用于进行体。
▲judge between sb/sth
God will judge between you and me.上帝会在你我之间作出裁决。
It is impossible to judge between the two paintings, they're both charming.评定出这两幅画的优劣不可能,因为两幅画都很美。

judge by〔from〕(v.+prep.)
根据〔由〕…作出判断 base one's opinion of sth on sth; form an opinion based on sth
〔说明〕 本习语作此解时常用不定式或现在分词形式在句中作插入语。
▲judge by〔from〕 sth
Judging by the sound of his voice, the man couldn't be very young.听声音,那人已不太年轻。
Judging by the response of the audience, the performance was quite a success.从观众的反应看来,这次演出相当成功。
Judging by her dress, she may be of the Yi nationality.从她的打扮看,她或许是彝族人。
Judging by the look in her face, she might have failed the examination.根据其脸上的表情来判断,她可能考试没及格。
To judge from the present information, the dead was still alive at three o'clock.从目前得到的情况来看,死者3点钟时还活着。
Don't judge from appearances.人不可貌相。
Judging from what he said, he is an old hand in this field.从他的谈话来看,他是这方面的老手。
Judging from his conduct,I assume he is lacking in education.从他的行为来看,我认为他缺乏教育。
Judging from what you say, he is fully justified doing so.照你所说的,他这样做完全有理由。
Judging from her letters, mother seems to be feeling a lot better.从妈妈的信来看,她似乎感觉好多了。
▲judge sb/sth by〔from〕 sth
Don't judge a man by his looks.勿以貌取人。
You'd better not judge him by his appearance.你最好不要根据他的外表对他作出判断。
You can't judge this by its result.你不能从它的结果来判断这件事。
You can't judge a book by its covers.你不能仅凭封面来判定一本书的好坏。(不能以貌取人。)
People are liable to judge others from their own first impressions.人容易以自己的最初印象来评价别人。
I judge by his dress that he is a rich man.我从他的穿着看出他是个有钱人。
◇ 用于be ～ed结构
This case is being judged by the Supreme Court.本案正由最高法院审理。

judge of(v.+prep.)
对…作出评价 form a critical evaluation of
▲judge of sth
I really don't know how to judge of a picture.我实在不知道如何评价一幅画。
I find it hard to judge of my own work.我觉得很难判断自己的工作如何。
I cannot judge of these things till I examine them carefully.在对这些事情作仔细考查之前,我无法对它们进行判断。
You can judge of its merits and demerits for yourself.你可以自己判断它的优劣。

用作不及物动词
▲S+～(+A)
I am not in the position to judge.我无权作出判断。
As far as I can judge, this book is useful.据我判断,这本书有用。
He was asked to judge at the art exhibition.他被邀请当画展的评委。
They have their own minds.They will judge for themselves.他们自己有头脑,可以自己作出判断。
用作及物动词
▲S+～+n./pron.
It is hard to judge this case.这个案子很难断。
The court was unable to judge the case before all evidence was put before it.在全部证据被提出来之前,法庭不能审判这个案子。
She seemed to be watching him, judging him.她似乎在观察他,评价他。
Who is going to judge the horses?谁来评判马匹的优劣呢?
Who is going to judge the long-jump competition?谁来当跳远比赛的裁判?
Teachers always judge their students on the final examination.老师常根据期末考试来评价他们的学生。
We must know how to judge people.我们必须善于识别人。
◇ 用于be ～ed结构
They were not judged fairly.对他们的评判是不公正的。
▲S+～+wh-to-v
Can you judge which way to take?你能判断应走哪一条路吗?
He was calm and concentrated in judging how to defeat his opponent.他冷静沉着,聚精会神地判断如何打败对手。
▲S+～+(that-) clause
The police judged the criminal was still in the city.警察断定该罪犯仍在这个城市。
The teacher judged his students had finished the exercises.老师估计学生们已做完了练习。
I judged, from his manner, that he was guilty.从他的举止态度来看,我判断他有罪。
I judged that you had forgotten to come.我判断你是忘记来了。
I judged that it was best to resign.我认为辞职是最好的选择。
We judge that she is the best candidate.我们认为她是最佳人选。
▲S+～+wh-clause
He's too young to judge which is better.他太年轻,不能判断哪一个更好。
How will they judge which is likely to be reliable?他们如何断定哪一个是更可靠的?
Can you judge who will win?你能断定谁会获胜吗?
Nobody can judge why he did it.谁都无法判断他为什么干那事。
Can you judge how he finished it so soon?你能判断他怎样如此快速地完成了这件事?
I can't judge whether he was right or wrong.我不能断定他是对还是错。
I can't judge whether he will come today.我不能断定他今天是否来这里。
I couldn't judge whether the delay was good or bad.我不能断定这样延迟是好还是坏。
用作宾补动词
▲S+～+n./pron.+(to be/as) n./adj.
I judge him a skilled worker.我断定他是个熟练工人。
We judged the distance to be four miles.我们估计距离在4英里。
He judged them to be the best plays he had ever seen.他认为它们是他看过的最好的话剧。
They judged her stupid.他们认为她很蠢。
I judge him to be loyal.我认为他很忠诚。
◇ 用于be ～ed结构
These horses were judged the best in the county.这些马被评为全县最好的马。
▲S+～+it+n./adj.+to-v
She judged it a useless attempt to advise him.她断定，给他提建议是徒劳的。
He judges it safer to go away than to stay.他认为离开比留下安全。
The committee judged it better to start the work at once.委员会认为最好立即开始这项工作。
▲S+～+n./pron.+(to-)v
She judged them to have finished.她断定他们已经干完了。
I judged them to have gone.我断定他们已经走了。
▲S+～+n./pron.+prep.-phrase
They judged it of little importance.他们断定它毫不重要。
◇ 用于be ～ed结构
By noon, all 61 people were judged out of danger.到中午时,有61个人看来脱离了危险。

judge, adjudge, adjudicate, arbitrate
这组词都有“裁决”的意思。其区别是:judge指在审查了双方的证据,听取了证词和衡量了双方的功过之后裁定哪一方正确或有理,强调审判的“过程”; adjudge指在审判结束或在审判过程中法庭作出判决,强调审判“程序”; adjudicate指法庭以裁定、宣判或法令等形式作出正式和慎重决议,即强调审判“结果”; arbitrate指由一人或多人组成的机构对有争执的事件作出慎重决定,这种机构的设立不一定符合法律程序,但为争执双方认可。
judge, conclude, deduce, gather, infer
参见gather条。
下面的句子意思相同,但语体不尽相同:前两句属于非正式语体,多用于比较随便的口语会话中; 后三句较为正式,多用于书面语体。试体会:
I judge that she is an excellent lawyer.
She is an excellent lawyer,I judge.
I judge her to be an excellent lawyer.
I judge her an excellent lawyer.
I judge her as an excellent lawyer.
我认为她是一位好律师。

很糟糕,他错估了当前形势。
［误］  He badly judged the present situation.
［正］  He judged the present situation badly.
［析］  judge一般不与加强程度或语气的词直接连用,如果需要这类词修饰时,要将其置于句尾修饰全句。

1.judge用作名词的基本意思是“法官,审判员”,指主持法院工作并听取证词、对案件作出判决的法官。广义上可指作为有权威(通常具备必要的知识或经验)对某事作出公正的决断或鉴定的人,因而引申可作“裁判员,评判员”“鉴定人,鉴赏家”解。
2.judge是可数名词,有时还可用于称呼语。

As a judge, she tried her best to exercise her power.作为法官,她尽力行使自己的权力。
The judge refused to give him another hearing.审判官拒绝再给他一次申辩的机会。
The judge awarded a large sum of money to those hurt by the explosion.法官判给那次爆炸受害者一大笔赔偿金。
The president has not appointed a single black judge to the south.总统从未向南方委派过一个黑人法官。
The prisoner appealed to the judge for mercy.囚犯恳求法官宽大处理。
If I tell the judge that I wasn't there, will you bear me out?如果我告诉法官我不在场,你能为我作证吗?
He came back at the judge with some sharp questions.他提出了几个尖锐的问题来反驳法官。
The judge asked the whole group to dismiss the lawyer's remark from their minds.法官要求全体组员忘记这个律师所说的话。
A judge will discriminate between different degrees of crime.法官会区分罪行的轻重程度。
The powers of a judge are defined by law.法官的权限是由法律规定的。
The judge was biased in favour of the second candidate, who was educated at the same college as himself.评判员对第二名候选人有偏袒,他们俩在同一所学校受过教育。
The panel of judges included several well-known writers.评判小组中包括几位知名作家。
The judges awarded the prize to her.裁判判定她得奖。
I'm no judge of music, but I know what I like.我不是音乐鉴赏家,但我知道我喜欢什么。
She's a good judge of character.她很能鉴别人的性格。
I don't like this wine—not that I'm any judge.我不喜欢这种酒,这倒不是说我是什么评酒的行家。
He is no judge on such matters.对于这些事,他是外行。
Mr. Taylor is a good judge of the fine arts.泰勒先生是美术鉴赏行家。
He is a good judge of horses.他是鉴赏马的行家。
It sounds a very bad poem to me. But I'm no judge.我听起来这首诗很糟,但我是外行。

judge, arbiter, arbitrator, referee, umpire
这组词都可指在观点发生冲突或分歧的情况下,有权或授权作出裁决的人。其区别是:judge的本义指主持法院工作并听取证词,对案件作出判决的法官。广义上讲, judge可指鉴定人。arbitrator和arbiter均可指从争议双方推举出来解决分歧的仲裁者或公断人,但arbitrator更为常见。arbitrator通常单独或与人合作来裁决(尤指劳工方面的)纠纷,而arbiter(书面语)常指没有权威或官职而靠自己的权威对非法律问题(如时装、文学等)作出决断或提出乐意遵从的准则的人。例如:
Dress designers, not dress-makers, are the arbiters of women's fashions.由服装设计师而不是缝衣匠来判定女装的流行款式。
referee和umpire均含有arbitrator(仲裁者、公断人)的含义。在此意义上, referee适用于在技术方面为处理特殊诉讼案件而由官方指定的仲裁人;而umpire是指在重要或错综复杂的论点中,当双方公断人发生意见冲突或僵持不下时,出面进行最终裁决的人。此外,两词还常用于体育方面,指那些被指定实施比赛规则、排解纠纷的裁判员。此时的referee指篮球、台球、拳击、足球、曲棍球等比赛的裁判; 而umpire常指在网球、羽毛球、乒乓球、排球、游泳等比赛中充当裁判的人员。此外,乒乓球和网球的裁判有时也称judge。

［同义词］ v. adjudge, adjudicate, arbitrate; condemn, convict, sentence n. arbiter, arbitrator, referee, umpire
［词源］  ＜古法语jugier ＜judicare ＜judex(法官,裁判,判断)