1.instruct的基本意思是“命令,指示”,多指上级对下级发号施令,也可指“教,讲授”,引申可指“通知”。
2.instruct多接指人的名词或代词作宾语,作“通知”解时还可接双宾语,其直接宾语可由that从句充当。instruct还可接以带或不带疑问词的动词不定式或wh-从句充当补足语的复合宾语。可用于被动结构。

instruct in(v.+prep.)
向…讲授…give sb formal knowledge of (a subject)
▲instruct sb in sth/v-ing
Dr. Williams instructs us in botany.威廉博士教我们植物学。
The college will need an additional teacher to instruct the boys in cooking.这所技术学校需要增加一名教员来向学生传授烹调技术。
◇ 用于be ～ed结构
The soldiers have been thoroughly instructed in the care of their weapons.士兵们都系统地接受过保护武器的训练。

用作及物动词
▲S+～+n./pron.
The sergeant was instructing the soldiers.那位军士在指导士兵。
She instructs music once a week at a middle school.在中学，她每周教一次音乐课。
用作双宾动词
▲S+～+n./pron.+that-clause
My agent has instructed me that you still owe me ￡50.我的代理人通知我,你还欠我50英镑。
◇ 用于be ～ed结构
I have been instructed that the defendant is unwell, and I therefore adjourn the case.我得到通知说被告生病,因此,我延期审理此案。
用作宾补动词
▲S+～+n./pron.+to-v
The union issued an order instructing its members not to work overtime.工会发出指示,不让会员超时工作。
The captain instructed the soldiers to retreat.上尉命令士兵们撤退。
◇ 用于be ～ed结构
I've been instructed to wait here until the teacher arrives.我被命令在这儿等候,一直到那位老师来后再走。
▲S+～+n./pron.+wh-to-v
I instructed him how to do the work.我教他怎样干这项工作。
I will instruct him whether to come today or tomorrow.我将通知他是今天来还是明天来。
◇ 用于be ～ed结构
Have you been instructed when to start?你是否得到关于出发时间的通知了?
▲S+～+n./pron.+wh-clause
We should instruct the passengers what customs regulations are.我们应该向乘客说明海关规则是什么。

instruct, charge, command, direct, enjoin
参见command条。
instruct, coach, educate, school, teach, train, tutor
参见teach条。

［同义词］   command, educate, order, teach, train
［词源］＜中古英语instructen(教,教导)