1.have的基本意思是“有”,指物质上的所有、身心上的具有或构成上的含有。引申可作“享有”“容许”“招致”等解。
2.have词义很多,除以上意思外,还有“知道,明白,懂,理解,同意,掌握,拿取,换取,得到,收到,找到,需要,接受,邀请,碰到,树立,举起,抓住,准备,派,接待,放置,说,坚持说,看过,做,坐,动,生育,喂养,物色,实现,保藏,呈报,举行,掐住,成,寄于,面临,值得,戴着,对待,信条,折腾,制定,嫁给,冒着,开辟,顾及,负责…的工作,留着,送给,拉出来,弥漫,主宰,战胜,雇用”。在俚语中还可作“贿赂,收买”“(两性关系方面)占有,(与女人)性交”等意。
3.have作实义动词时,是及物动词,接简单宾语，也可接双宾语,还可接以带或不带to的动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词充当补足语的复合宾语。
4.have可用作静态动词,也可用作动态动词。作静态动词时表示一般意义上的所有关系,不能用于被动结构; 作动态动词时表示经历、完成等行为,可以但少用于被动结构。
5.have可与动词同形的名词连用,表示一次动作,用复数名词时表示屡次做某一动作。还可以与其他名词连用表示一种活动、疾病发生等情况。
6.have作“使人到某处; 使某物处于某种状态; 有某种情况”解时,一般接以副词、形容词、介词短语充当补足语的复合宾语。
7.have的过去式和过去分词均为had。

have about〔around〕1(v.+adv.)
在身旁或在家中有(某人或某物) have (sth or sb) near one, as in one's home as an ornament or companion
▲have sb/sth about〔around〕
Don't go away,I like having you around!别走开,我希望你呆在我身边。

have about〔around〕2(v.+prep.)
〔说明〕 have about〔around〕常不用于被动结构。
▲have sth about〔around〕 sb/sth
1.在…附近有 have (sth or sb) near one, as an ornament or companion, in a place such as home
It's dangerous to have a gun around the house.在家里放着枪很危险。
2.身边带有… carry sth with one
I have some money somewhere around me.我身上带着些钱。
3.对…有(某种看法或感觉) possess (thoughts or feelings) towards (sb, sth, or doing sth)
I have a thing about celery. I can't stand it.我很讨厌芹菜,我受不了。
Mother has always had a thing about baking her own bread, she refuses to buy any from a shop.妈妈总是喜欢自己烤面包,从不在任何店里买。
I have no feelings one way or the other about what you are suggesting.对于你的建议不管在哪方面我都不反对。
It was not a matter about which he had any strong feelings.这不是他强烈反感的问题。

have one's wits about one
警觉,保持头脑清醒 keep head clear
Have your wits about you when you're driving.开车时应保持头脑清醒。
You need to have your wits about you in the market.The last time I bought from a market trader I was given rotten fruit from the back of the pile.在集市上你得当心点。上次我在集市上买东西,小贩卖给我的是从水果堆后面拣出的烂水果。
You can depend on Sally. She has her wits about her.你可以信赖萨莉,她很机警。

have against(v.+prep.)
▲have sth against sb
1.认为(某事)是反对…的 consider (sth) as a means or reason to oppose or dislike (sb)
I have nothing against him.我对他没有什么反对意见。
She speaks to me as if I had no right to be here—what can she have against me?她对我说话时仿佛我没有权利呆在这里似的——她有什么理由反对我呢?
2.有某事对…不利 be (a disadvantage) to (sb)
It's not easy to give a man a job when he has his time in prison against him.当一个人有入狱的不利经历时,要给他一份工作很不容易。

have a bias against(v.+n.+prep.)
对…有反感 detest sb/sth or doing sth
▲have a bias against sb/sth/v-ing
Some people have a bias against foreigners.有些人对外国人有偏见。
Many people have a bias against smoking.许多人对吸烟很反感。

have designs against(v.+n.+prep.)
对…有不良企图 have a plot to sb/sth
〔说明〕 have designs against不用于被动结构。
▲have designs against sb/sth
The country has no ulterior designs against any of its neighbours.这个国家对其邻国绝无不可告人的企图。
The group had designs against the government.这一伙人阴谋反对政府。

have at(v.+prep.)
攻击 have an attack at sb
〔说明〕 have at不用于被动结构。
▲have at sb
The two men had at each other with fits and feet.那两个人拳脚并用互相扭打起来。

have at heart(v.+prep.+n.)
关心 care
▲have sth at heart
They always have the interests of the people at heart.他们总是关心人民的利益。
In offering these suggestions for improvement,I must explain that I only have your interests at heart, believe me.在提出这些改进建议时,我必须说明,我们关心的只有你的利益,请相信我。

have back(v.+adv.)
重新获得 regain
〔说明〕 have back不用于进行体。
▲have sth⇔back
When can you let me have back the money that I lent you?你什么时候能把我借给你的钱还给我?

have to thank for
把…归咎于,为…责怪某人 lay the blame on sb
▲have sb/oneself to thank for sb/sth
Who do we have to thank for the broken window?玻璃窗户被打碎了,我们怪谁呢?
I have no one to thank for all my suffering except myself.我受这些苦不能怨别人,只能怨我自己。
He had only himself to thank for his loss.他的损失是咎由自取的。
You've got John to thank for your cold.He caught it first then passed it onto everyone.你患感冒得怪约翰,是他先得了感冒,又传给了大家。

have in(v.+adv.)
1.贮存,贮备 keep a supply of sth
▲ have sth⇔in
Do we have enough wine in for the dinner party?我们贮备的酒够宴会用的吗?
2.把(某人)召到家中做某事 invite sb into one's home to do sth
▲ have sb⇔in
He had his friends in for coffee on Sunday afternoon.他邀请他的朋友星期天下午到他家来喝咖啡。
Do you want to have the doctor in to see your father?你要请医生到家里来给你父亲看病吗?

have act or part in(v.+n.+prep.)
参与 take part in
▲have act or part in sth
Some of the servants also had act or part in the robbery.有些仆人也参加了抢劫。

have a complaint in(v.+n.+prep.)
在…有病 be ill in sth
▲have a complaint in sth
The baby has a complaint in the back.这婴儿背部有病。

have difficulty in(v.+n.+prep.)
有…困难 be difficult in sth or doing sth
▲have difficulty in sth/v-ing
She has difficulty in action.她行动上有困难。
He has difficulty in studying English.他在学习英语上有困难。

have a hand in(v.+n.+prep.)
参与,与…有关系 join in; have a relation with sth
▲have a hand in sth
Do you think she has a hand in it?你认为她跟那件事有关吗?

have one's heart in (v.+n.+prep.)
〈非正〉害怕,沮丧 be afraid of; be disappointed at
〔说明〕 have one's heart in不用于被动结构。
▲have one's heart in sth
As I went into the examination room,I had my heart in my boots.我进入考场时,心里十分害怕。
She literally had her heart in her mouth when she stole the watch.当她偷手表的时候,真是提心吊胆。

have one's origin in(v.+n.+prep.)
起源,来源 stem from
▲have one's origin in sth
The rumour has its origin in the papers.谣言来自于报纸。

have one foot in the grave
将死,离死不远 be dying
The dog looks as if it had one foot in the grave.那狗看起来好像离死不远了。

have the game in one's hands
有必胜的把握 be sure of success
They have this basketball game in their hands.他们对这场篮球赛有必胜的把握。

have had it
1.受够了,再也没有耐心了 have enough of sth
“I've had it,”said Dan,“I am resigning from the job of chairman right now.”“我已经受够了,”丹说,“我现在就要辞去主席的职务。”
2.失去生命; 已失去机会 be dying; lose an opportunity
When the doctor examined the man who had been shot, he said,“He's had it.”医生给受了枪伤的人检查之后说:“他已经不行了。”
I think this old car has finally had it and I will have to get another one.我认为这辆旧车已寿终正寝,因而我得再买一辆。
If you don't get good exam results these days you've had it as far as a decent job is concerned.要是你现在的考试成绩不好,你就会失去得到好工作的机会。

have it
1.听到消息,得知 get to know; hear (an information)
▲have it that-clause
I have it on the best authority that we will be paid for our work next week.我从最可靠的方面得到消息,我们下星期就可以领到工资。
2.以某种方式行事 act in some way
▲have it sth
Bobby must have it his way and play the game by his rules.鲍比一定要按自己的方式和自己的规则办事。
3.声称,说 claim
▲have it that-clause
Rumors have it that the school was burned down.有谣言说学校给烧掉了。
4.答应,允许 allow
▲have it
Mary wanted to give the party at her house, but her mother wouldn't have it.玛丽想在家里举行聚会,可是她母亲不答应。
5.取胜 win
▲have it
When the senators vote, the ayes will have it.参议员投票时,投赞成票的人将占多数。
6.找到答案; 想出办法 get the answer; find a way
▲have it
“I have it!”said John to Mary,“We can buy mother a nice comb for her birthday.”“我有办法了!”约翰对玛丽说,“我们可以给妈妈买一把精美的梳子作生日礼物”。

have it coming
〈口〉应得… deserve sth, often bad
〔说明〕 have it coming常不用于进行体。
I had it coming.我应该受到这种报应。
Everybody said Betty had it coming when she won the prize.每个人都说贝蒂应该得奖。
He had it coming that he was defeated.他失败是意料中的事。

have it in(v.+pron.+prep.)
本身有能力 possess the ability (to do sth)
▲have it in sb
Such a system is fine for those who have it in them to succeed.这样的制度对那些有能力成功的人来说如鱼得水。

have it in for(v.+pron.+adv.+prep.)
〈口〉想伤害某人; 想与某人过不去 intend to cause sb harm or trouble
▲have it in for sb
The corporal seems to have it in for me; that's the third time he's put me on a charge this month.那位下士似乎总是与我过不去,本月他已第三次对我提出控告。
One of the teachers really has it in for Charlie—she shouts at him all the time.有一位教师确实和查理过不去——她老是对他大声叫嚷。

have it said
允许说,允许称 allow a statement
〔说明〕 have it said常不用于进行体。
I won't have it said that I treated him unfairly.我不许有人说我对他不公平。

have an abhorrence of(v.+n.+prep.)
厌恶 detest sb/sth
▲have an abhorrence of sb/sth
He has a great abhorrence of medicine.他对药物深恶痛绝。
Most people have an abhorrence of snake.大部分人都厌恶蛇。

have the advantage of(v.+n.+prep.)
1.占优势 take the advantage of sth
▲have the advantage of sth
He had the advantage of a good education.他的优点是受过良好的教育。
The hovercraft has the advantage of being able to move straight upwards like a helicopter.气垫船的优点是可以像直升机一样垂直上升。
2.知道…所不知道的事 know much that one doesn't know
▲have the advantage of sb
You have the advantage of me.你知道的比我多。

have the appearance of(v.+n.+prep.)
有…的样子 be similar to
▲have the appearance of sb/sth
He has the appearance of a rustic fellow.他有着乡下人的样子。
It had the appearance of the 18th century church.它有着18世纪教堂的外观。

have an attack of(v.+n.+prep.)
患一次… have illness
▲have an attack of sth
He had an attack of cold.他患了一次感冒。

have a bellyful of(v.+n.+prep.)
〈非正〉受够了… have enough of sth
〔说明〕 have a bellyful of不用于被动结构。
▲have a bellyful of sth
I had a bellyful of your silly advice.你的糊涂意见我实在听够了。
He had a bellyful of practical jokes.他搞恶作剧已经搞够了。
I have a bellyful of your rudeness.你的粗鲁我领教够了。

have the best of(v.+n.+prep.)
▲have the best of sth
1.胜过 exceed
Which side had the best of it?哪一方得胜了?
The supporters of the motion tried hard to establish their case, but from the beginning their opponents had the best of it.该动议的支持者们力图争取立案,然而从开始他们的对手就占了上风。
2.从…中得到了大好处 get the benefit from sth
He had the best of that deal.他在那笔生意中占了大便宜。
The children have the best of care in our country.在我国儿童受到无微不至的关怀。

have the best of both worlds
结合两者的优点 combine the advantage of both sides
〔说明〕 have the best of both worlds不用于被动结构。
He lives on a farm and works in a big city in order to have the best of both worlds.他住在农场,却在大城市工作,为的是同时享受两者的优点。
The house combines country surroundings with city convenience, so having the best of both worlds.这所房子既有乡村的环境又有城市的便利,两全其美。

have charge of(v.+n.+prep.)
负责,担任 have responsibility for sth
▲have charge of sth
I will have charge of your class tomorrow, so you must do as I tell you.明天我负责你们班,所以你们必须按照我所说的去做。
He has entire charge of the matter.他对此事全权负责。

have the foot of(v.+n.+prep.)
比…迅速 be faster than others
▲have the foot of sb
Jim had the foot of Henry and caught the ball.吉姆比亨利跑得快,他抢到了球。

have the makings of(v.+n.+prep.)
有…条件 own the conditions
▲have the makings of sb
He has the makings of a first-rate officer.他具有成为一流军官的条件。
Jack has the makings of a good doctor.杰克有成为一名好医生的条件。


have no brow of(v.+n.+prep.)
不喜欢 dislike
▲have no brow of sb/sth
I have no brow of such a pedagogic tone.我不喜欢这种学究的口吻。

have none of(v.+pron.+prep.)
不允许… forbid
▲have none of sth
The teacher said she would have none of Mike's arguing.老师说,她不允许迈克争辩。
When the fullback refused to obey the captain, the captain said he would have none of that.当后卫不肯听从队长的命令时,队长说他不允许这样。

have on(v.+adv.)
▲have sth⇔on
1.穿着,戴着 be wearing
Mary had on her new dress.玛丽穿着一件新连衣裙。
How do you like the hat which Grace has on today?格雷斯今天戴的那顶帽子,你觉得怎样?
She had on a dark skirt and a grey pullover.她穿着黑裙子,灰套衫。
The child had hardly anything on.这孩子几乎什么衣服都没穿。
2.计划好,约定,打算 have sth arranged
I'm sorry I can't attend your party, but I have a meeting on for that night.对不起,我不能参加你们的聚会,因为那天晚上我有个会要参加。
I don't have anything on tonight.今晚我没有什么安排。

have on the brain(v.+prep.+n.)
对…念念不忘 be continually thinking about sb/sth
▲have sb/sth on the brain
Ever since a house a little farther down the road was burgled,Mrs. Everson has had burglars on the brain.自从这条街不远处的一家人被抢以来,埃沃逊夫人总是想着强盗 。
That young fellow has had football on the brain; he talks of nothing else from morning till night.那个小伙子对足球念念不忘,从早到晚不谈别的,光谈足球。

have cognizance over(v.+n.+prep.)
指挥 command
▲have cognizance over sb
By invasion time the lieutenant commander had cognizance over a thousand officers and ten thousand men.在登陆时那名海军少校指挥一千名军官和一万名士兵。

have command over(v.+n.+prep.)
控制 control
▲have command over sb/oneself/sth
He has no command over himself.他一点也不能控制自己。
The gun had command over the two beaches.这门炮控制着两个海滩。

have an eye to(v.+n.+prep.)
对…给予注意,打…的主意 be paying attention to (sb or sth)
〔说明〕 have an eye to不用于被动结构。
▲have an eye to sb/sth
Tom always has an eye to business.汤姆一直在找做买卖的机会。

have under one's girdle(v.+prep.+n.)
支配或控制某人 control sb
▲have sb under one's girdle
He tried to have others under his girdle.他想控制其他人。

have up one's sleeve(v.+prep.+n.)
手中握有王牌,有应急的妙计 have a good way to deal with sth
▲have sth up one's sleeve
It seems as if he has an ace up his sleeve.他似乎手中握有王牌。
Mr. Heath believes he has some aces up his sleeve for his final campaign.希思先生自信在竞选的最后关头有一些制胜的妙计。
I could tell by his sly look that he had something up his sleeve.从他那狡猾的表情看,我断定他必有诡计。
I'm having this idea up my sleeve for the time being.我暂时不公布我的想法。
I should be very cautious in any dealing with that fellow, for however honest he appears to be, you can be sure he has something up his sleeve.在和那家伙的来往中我必须十分小心,因为不管他看起来多诚实,可以肯定他留有后手。

have done with
〔说明〕 have done with不用于被动结构。
1.用完了,不用了 finish; be done with
▲have done with sth
When you have done with my book, please return it to me.你看完那本书后,就请还给我。
2.和…断绝关系 have no connection with sb
▲have done with sb
I have done with her.我跟她断绝了关系。

have fun with(v.+n.+prep.)
拿…开心 play a joke with sb
▲have fun with sb
The children have quite a lot of fun with that dog.孩子们拿那条狗开心。

have no traffic with(v.+n.+prep.)
与…没有来往 have no connection with sb
▲have no traffic with sb
I should have no traffic with a person of his reputation, if I were you.我要是你就不会跟像他这样名声的人来往。

have nothing to do with
和…没有联系 have no connection with
▲have nothing to do with sb/sth
I advise you to have nothing to do with that fellow.我劝你不要和那些家伙来往。
I have nothing to do with him.我和他没有往来。
This matter has nothing to do with him.这件事和他无关。

have weight with(v.+n.+prep.)
对…有影响 influence sb
▲have weight with sb
He has great weight with the people.他在人民中很有影响。

have a word with(v.+n.+prep.)
和…谈一谈 speak to (sb) for a short time especially to give or receive advice
▲have a word with sb
I think I'll have a word with the man in private.我想要和这人私下谈一谈。
I want to have a word with you after the meeting.会后我想跟你讲句话。

用作及物动词
▲S+～+n./pron.
Have you got some matches?你有火柴吗?
I haven't any money.我没有钱。
I've got nothing yet, but I'll let you know when I have.我现在还没有,到有的时候我会告诉你的。
I have something to tell you.我有件事要告诉你。
In this hour of victory, we had so much to tell each other.在这胜利的时刻,我们有多少话要说啊!
I didn't have the books that she asked for.我没有她所要的书。
He had no relatives in California.他在加利福尼亚一个亲戚也没有。
Did you have enough time to do it?你有足够的时间做那件事吗?
Have you any views?你有何看法?
The old patient has shooting pains in the head.这位老病人脑部有放射痛。
My sister-in-law had a baby last week.上星期我嫂嫂生了一个孩子。
We have a much better life now.我们现在的生活好多了。
We had a wonderful time in Summer Palace yesterday.昨天我们在颐和园玩得愉快极了。
They had a high time at George's party.他们在乔治家的晚会上尽情欢乐。
She's always had such a miserable time.她总是过着这样悲惨的生活。
I had the dullest time of my life last night.昨天晚上我过得最没意思了。
We have dinner at six o'clock.我们6点钟吃晚饭。
We'll have noodles instead of rice for lunch today.我们今天中午吃面条,不吃米饭。
Then have some coffee.那么就喝点咖啡吧?
That day he did not have a bite of food from five in the morning till nine in the evening.那天,他从早晨5点到晚上9点连一口饭都没吃。
Do you have tea or coffee for breakfast?你早餐是喝茶还是咖啡?
Will you have a cigarette?你抽烟吗?
We won't have any breach of discipline.我们不允许任何破坏纪律的现象。
I won't have such conduct.我不允许这种行为。
I won't have anything said against my daughter.我不允许谁说任何攻击我女儿的话。
We'll have a discussion right after the talk.报告一完,我们就进行讨论。
They're going to have a sports meet very soon.他们不久将开运动会。
Let's go and have a swim.咱们去游一会儿泳吧。
Why don't you let them have a try?你为什么不让他们试一试?
We're going to have an interview with them Friday.我们将在星期五和他们会晤。
I often have delightful chats with my friends.我和我的朋友们常作轻松的闲谈。
I often have unpleasant dreams.我经常做不愉快的梦。
He doesn't have a fever.他没发烧。
Lots of girls here have influenza.这儿好些女孩患流感。
I have a bad pain here.我这儿疼得厉害。
We had a lot of rain that autumn.那年秋天雨水多。
He had a letter today.他今天收到一封信。
She has a little French.她懂得一点法文。
I haven't a very good temper.我的脾气不太好。
He had me in that argument.在那次辩论中他占了上风。
Look out he will have you as he did me.当心他会像骗我一样地骗你。
◇ 用于be ～ed结构
There was no butter to be had.没黄油可买。
I've been had by that swindler.我被那个骗子骗了。
Such books may be had at any bookstore.这种书可以在任何书店里买得到。
She'd been had before she got married.她在结婚前已和别人发生过关系。
I was badly had when I just missed the train.没有搭上火车使我很失望。
It may be had for the asking.可能有求必应。
A good time was had by all.大家都玩得很痛快。
用作双宾动词
▲S+～+pron./n.+n./pron.
I had me a big lunch.中午我饱餐了一顿。
Have yourself a good cry.你痛痛快快地哭一场吧。
用作宾补动词
▲S+～+n./pron.+adv./prep.-phrase
We are extremely happy to have you here.能把你请来,我们感到十分高兴。
He knew a Canadian and often had him to his house.他认识一位加拿大人,常常请他到家里来。
▲S+～+n./pron.+(to-)v
The soldiers had him stand with his back to his father.士兵让他背对着他父亲站着。
She had planned to have her daughter marry Laurie.她本打算让女儿嫁给劳里。
You should have him come earlier.你应该请他早些来。
I had John find a house for me.我让约翰给我找了一所房子。
I only have good children come in my house.我只允许乖孩子来我家。
Please have the boy bring the things to my house.请派小弟弟将这些东西搬到我家去。
I won't have them answer me back in that rude manner.他们用那种粗鲁的态度顶撞我,我可受不了。
I'm going to have her live with me soon.我准备让她很快和我住在一起。
We'd be delighted to have you work with us.你和我们一道工作我们很高兴。
Don't forget to have him come.别忘了让他来。
He won't have us criticize his work.他不让我们批评他的工作。
She had never had anybody speak to her that way before.从来没有人对她这样讲过话。
▲S+～+n./pron.+v-ing
We can't have you going everywhere by taxi.我们不能让你坐出租汽车到处跑。
I can't have you playing truant.我不允许你逃学。
We have him trying an experiment.我们让他试做一个实验。
We'll soon have you walking about again.不久我们就能让你起来活动了。
By the time he came back, she had had a good fire going and had taken the stove into the room.等他回来的时候,她已经把火炉生好,端到屋里来了。
Bronwen tried to have her talking.But no use.布朗温想让她说话,但没有成功。
She'll have you doing all the housework if you're not careful.如果你不仔细的话,她就要你干所有的家务。
He soon had them all laughing.他很快让大家发笑了。
I won't have you smoking at the young age.我不许你这样(小小)的年纪就抽烟。
Now,George,I will not have you shouting at me that way.那么,乔治,我不许你对我那样喊叫。
We can't have that sort of thing happening.我们不允许那种事发生。
We shall soon have the mists rising.我们很快就会看到雾升起来。
I woke up in the night and found we had water dripping through the ceiling.我夜里醒来,发现天花板在滴水。
▲S+～+n./pron.+v-ed
I'm not going to have you mixed up with this sort of business.我不会允许你同这种事搅在一起。
I have had the stove lighted.我让人生了炉子。
As we left we had a photograph taken together.临走时,我们一起照了相。
She had her suitcases carried from the train to the taxi.她叫人把她的衣服箱子从火车搬到出租汽车上。
He had his pocket picked.他的口袋被人掏了。
I had my ankle sprained.我扭伤了脚踝。
Papa had his hands burned.爸爸的手烫了。
We must have this work finished by Monday.我们一定要在星期一以前完成这项工作。
We have your medicine prepared now.我们已把你的药给准备好了。
She's having her eyes tested.她正让人检查她的眼睛。
I had that door painted only last week.上周我才叫人把门漆了。
King Charles I had his head cut off.国王查理一世被砍了头。
A week ago I had a hundred dollars saved.一周前我节约了一百美元。
▲S+～+n./pron.+adj.
I will have everything ready so as not to keep you waiting.我将把一切准备好不让你等候。
I had all the windows open, but even then the smell was dreadful.我把所有的窗户都打开了,但那股味儿还是大得可怕。

have sb do, have sb doing
两者都有“让某人做某事”之意,但有区别:have sb doing表示该动作正在进行或多次进行,而have sb do则指一次的单独动作。
have on, dress, put on, wear
参见dress条。
have, there be
两者都可作“有”解。其区别在于:
1.there be侧重客观方面, have侧重主观方面,实际上两者常可换用。
2.一般情况下There are (is)＝I(We,He...) have (has),但表示某物为整体所属的一部分时,不能用there be。
3.there be中的be可用其他动词如live(存在), come(到达), happen(发生), seem(似乎), appear(出现), stand(存在,有), lie(位于), sit(存在)等替换, have则不能。
have, have got, hold, occupy, own
参见own条。
have, drink, take
参见drink条。

1.如果用have表示“存在,有”,句末一般要带与主语相呼应的介词短语。例如:
The box has 2０ pencils in it.盒子里有20支铅笔。
2.have作“有”解时,一般不用于进行时。疑问式及否定式有两种构成方法：一种借助助动词do,一种不用助动词do。美国人多用前一种方法,英国人多用后一种方法。
3.have一般要用no来构成否定,如果have的宾语饰有any, many, much, enough等形容词,则要改用not来构成否定。就是说,要用not来否定any, many, much, enough 这些形容词。例如:

They have no general-purpose transitorized
digital computers.
他们没有晶体管通用数字计算机。
They have not any general-purpose tran-
sitorized digital computers.
他们没有多少晶体管通用数字计算机。
4.在口语中谈论一件必须去做的事情时,常用have got加动词不定式,可直接构成疑问句或否定句。例如:
Have you got to do any interpreting next week?下周你有什么口译任务吗?
I haven't got to work tomorrow.明天我不必上班。
5.have作“有”解时,在英式英语的口语中,常用have got代替have,这种用法在疑问句和否定句中比在肯定句中用得更多。如在习语中,情态动词之后,祈使句中或书面语中只能用have,不能用have goｔ。had got似乎很少见,应该避免。
6.haven't或hasn't后面通常不可以直接跟名词。例如:
他没吃面包。
误:He hasn't any bread.
正:He hasn't got any bread.

［词源］＜古英语habban(有,持有)

1.have用作助动词时,可与动词的过去分词或“been+现在分词”连用,构成动词的各种完成时态。
2.have的过去分词had还可与主语倒置,构成虚拟条件状语从句。
3.have (got) to作“不得不”解,强调客观上的必要,或由环境、习惯、协约等迫使而不得不做某事。have (got) to用于疑问句或否定句时,一般要借助do,在英式英语也可不借助do。

had better
参见better条。

have (got) to
必须,不得不be forced to; must
I have got to meet my partner every Friday.每周五我必须和我的合伙人碰头。
You may have to go school now.你现在可以去上学了。
He had to be there by nine o'clock.他得在九点钟赶到那儿。
Why do I have to do everything?为什么事事都得我干?
We don't have to go to school on Sundays.星期天我们用不着上学。
Have you to leave so soon?这么快就得走吗?
When have you to be at home?什么时候你该在家?
We haven't to go to work today.今天我们不用去上班。

have only to
只需要only need
You have only to tell me which one you want to choose.你只需告诉我你要选哪个。

The car has arrived.车子来了。
I have been to see John.我去看过约翰了。
I hadn't met him before.我以前没有见过他。
I shall have finished my homework by nine.九点以前我就能完成作业。
He said he would have done with my camera by the end of next month.他说到下个月底就不用我的照相机了。
I've been writing letters all this morning.我写了一上午的信。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it.这个东西我找了很多天才找着。
If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there.如果我们不快点儿的话,等我们到了那儿,店门就会关闭了。
He said that by the end of the Spring term he would have been studying English for three years.他说到了春季学期末,他就学了三年英语了。
Had they searched more carefully, they would have found what they wanted.如果当时他们搜查得更仔细些,就会找到要找的东西。

have to, have got to
这两个短语都可表示“不得不”,通常可以互换,但前者可加助动词或情态动词; 而后者则不可以。
have to, force
参见force条。
have to, must
这组词语都有“必须”的意思。其区别在于:
1.must侧重表达说话者的主观看法,认为“必须做某事”; have to则用来表示因客观条件或客观环境的迫使而“不得不做某事”。
2.have to可强调一动作重复发生,而must不能。
3.must作情态动词用时,没有时态和人称变化,可表示现在或将来,但不用于过去时;而have to作情态动词用时,有时态和人称变化,可用于过去时。两者均是后接动词原形在句中共同构成谓语。