1.gulp的基本意思是“呛”“吞食”,指吞食食物或水很快且很急,还可表示“大口呼吸”“喘不过气来”。
2.gulp可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,接名词或代词作宾语。

gulp back(v.+adv.)
▲gulp sth ⇔ back
1.吞下(饮料) swallow (liquid) quickly and in quantity rather rudely
The soldier took pride in being able to gulp back a whole pint of beer at once, by pouring it down his throat.那个士兵以能一口气把一品脱啤酒灌进肚里而自豪。
2.控制,抑制(眼泪) hold back; control (tears)
Mary was still crying when unexpected visitors arrived; gulping back her tears, she made an effort to greetthem cheerfully.当有人突然来访时,玛丽还在哭,她强忍着泪水,努力作出高兴的样子来接待他们。

gulp down(v.+adv.)
吞吃,吞下 swallow (food or liquid) quickly and in quantity, rather rudely
▲gulp sth ⇔ down
Late for work again,Jim gulped down a cup of coffee, with no time for anything to eat.又要迟到了,吉姆猛饮一杯咖啡,顾不上吃点东西。
Don't gulp your food down, it's both rude and bad for your stomach.别狼吞虎咽,那样既粗鲁又伤胃。

用作不及物动词
▲S+～(+A)
He ate his food in such a hurry speed that he gulped.他吃得那么匆忙,呛住了。
He tried to speak, but gulped, and no words came.他想说话,可又哽住了,一个字也说不出来。
用作及物动词
▲S+～+n./pron.
Don't gulp your food.吃东西不要狼吞虎咽。
He gulped water.他咕噜咕噜地喝水。
The fish rises every now and then to gulp air from the surface.那条鱼不时浮上来大口呼吸水面上的空气。