by and by
不久,马上 before long; soon
Summer vacation will come by and by.暑假很快就要来到。


by and large
参见large条。

She hurried by without speaking to her teacher.她匆匆经过,没有跟她的老师说话。
Come by for a drink after work.下班后路过我家时进来喝一杯。
She stole the book when no one was by.她趁旁边无人时把书偷走了。

［同义词］ prep. after, at, beside, for, near, on, through, with
［词源］＜中古英语by(旁,靠近)

1.by在表示时间时,常与动词的一般时、将来时、完成时或将来完成时连用。作“在…时候”解时,常用于by day〔night〕短语中。
2.by表示方式(除作“抓住…”解时)或原因后接名词时,名词前通常不加冠词。
3.by表示方式作“凭着”解时,其后常接反身代词; 作“乘”解时,后接交通工具,其前不加冠词。
4.by表示比率作“以…为单位”解时,常与表示单位的名词或数词连用,名词前常用定冠词; 作“…比…”解时,用于两个数字之间表示面积。
5.by表示累加时,前后一般用同一个名词、数词或副词,名词前不用定冠词,且不用于复数形式。
6.by表示动作者的时候,常用于被动结构。
7.by用于被动结构时，既可以引出施动者，也可用来表示做某事的手段。

by accident
参见accident条。

by all means
参见means条。

by analogy
用类推方法by a process of reasoning between parallel cases
He explained the subject by analogy.他用类推法说明了这个问题。

by analogy with
根据…类推deducing (sth) according to sth
〔说明〕 本短语还可写成on the analogy of。
Historically there be no letter “l” in the word “could”;it was inserted by analogy with “would”.在历史上,could一词中没有字母l;那是按照would一词类推而加上去的。
It is sometimes easier to illustrate an abstract concept by analogy with something concrete.有时通过与某种具体事物的类比，更容易说明某个抽象的概念。
“Popedom” is formed on the analogy of “kingdom”. popedom是从kingdom类推出来的。
A group was set up on the analogy of a self-supporting community.一个团体仿照自给自足的社会群体而建立起来。
There is a tendency among children to say “thunk” on the analogy of “sunk”.小孩子往往根据sunk的发音类推thunk。

by any chance
参见chance条。

by chance
参见chance条。

by common consent
参见consent条。

by comparison
比较起来when compared
This dress is really cheaper by comparison.比较起来，这件衣服确实便宜。
By comparison,expenditure on education increased last year.相比之下，去年教育经费增加了。

by contrast
参见contrast条。

by courtesy of
参见courtesy条。

by degrees
参见degree条。

by far
参见far条。
〔说明〕 本短语与形容词或副词的比较级连用时，表示“…得多”“远比…”，以强调相差程度之大。与形容词或副词的最高级连用时，表示“最最”，以加强最高级的语气。本短语既可以放在形容词或副词比较级或最高级的前面，也可以放在它们后面。

by hand
参见hand条。

by heart
参见heart条。

by itself
参见itself条。

by leaps and bounds
参见leap条。

by means of
参见mean条。

by mistake
参见mistake条。

by no means
参见mean条。

by reason of
由于because of
The arrangement was cancelled by reason of his illness.因为他生病，原先的安排就取消了。
The scheme failed by reason of bad organization.由于组织不当，这计划失败了。

by rights
参见right条。

by the book
按规则，依照惯例according to the rules
He's always careful to do things by the book.他总是小心翼翼地按规章办事。
He is an unimaginative individual who does everything by the book.他是一个一切照章办事，缺想象力的人。

by the by
顺便提一句by the way
We shall expect you,by the by,dinner will be at eight.我们等你；还有，晚饭是在8点钟。
By the by,do you intend going to the flower show next Wednesday?顺便问一下，你可打算去参加下周三的花展？
〔说明〕 本短语中的第一个by是介词，第二个是名词，是名词bye的变异。

by the same token
由于同样原因，同样地in the same way
By the same token,we should like to thank your brother.由于同样原因，我们向你兄弟表示谢意。
She had never seen such poverty before,and by the same token could not quite believe it.她从来没有看到过如此的穷困，而且她也不太相信竟有如此的贫穷存在。

by the way
参见way条。

by trial and error
反复试验，不断摸索by trying various solutions and learning from one's failure
Children learn to use computer programs by trial and error.孩子们通过反复摸索才学会运用计算机程序。
He learned to cook by trial and error.他不断尝试学烹调。

by turns
参见turn条。

by virtue of
凭借，依靠，因为，由于by means of or because of sth
He got the job by virtue of his greater experience.他由于经验较为丰富而得到了那份工作的。
Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food,by virtue of their clearness,toughness,and low cost.塑料袋可用来装各种食品，因为它清洁、耐用又价廉。

by way of
参见way条。

On a cold evening it is pleasant to sit by the fire.在寒冷的夜晚坐在炉火旁边很舒服。
He keeps a dictionary by him when he's reading.他读书时,手边总放着一本词典。
Be here by four o'clock.四点钟之前到这儿。
She should be back by now.她现在应该回来了。
If they have a journey to make, most people prefer to go by day.如果要旅行,大多数人喜欢在白天进行。
They came in by the back door.他们是由后门进来的。
Are you to go there by bike or by bus?你骑车还是坐车去?
You can order tickets by telephone.你可以用电话订票。
The money will be paid by cheque.此款将由支票支付。
He seized her by the arm.他抓住她的手臂。
Man does not live by bread alone.人不能单靠面包生存。
They were making a living by selling souvenirs to the tourists.他们靠向旅游者出售纪念品来谋生。
They decided to raise the money by subscription.他们决定采取募捐的办法来筹集这笔款项。
By temperament he was an artist.从气质上看,他是一位画家。
They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
By God he's done it!老天为证,他确实做了此事。
I did it all by myself!我完全是靠自己做此事的。
The meeting will be held in the school hall, by permission of the headmaster.由于有校长的准许,会议将在学校大厅举行。
The steamer will go west by north.这艘轮船将向西偏北方向航行。
They were playing cards by electric light.他们正借着灯光打牌。
I go by the house every day.我每天都要从这栋房子经过。
We lost the match by one goal.我们以一分之差输了比赛。
He deals ill by his wife.他待妻子不好。
It's not fair to judge people by their appearance.以貌取人是不公正的。
Its grant is to be cut by more than 40 percent.其补助将削减40％以上。
Most workmen are paid by the week.大多数工人按周付给薪水。
The lounge is twenty feet by fourteen.这间起居室长20英尺,宽14英尺。
Day by day he applied himself to the task until it was finished.他日复一日地投入那项工作,直到完成为止。
He was brought up by an aunt.他是由婶婶抚育成人的。
Above it hung an oil painting by Beryl.它的上方挂着一幅贝丽尔创作的油画。
We should help our brother communities by all means in our power.我们应该尽力帮助兄弟社团。
Oh by the way, have you heard from Bill lately?哦,顺便问一下,你最近得到比尔的消息了吗?

by, according to, from, in, on, under
参见according to条。
by, after, at, for,from, over, through, with
参见at条。
by, at
参见at条。
by, before
参见before条。
by, beside, near, on
参见beside条。
by, about, on,with
参见about条。
by, in
参见in条。
by oneself, alone
参见alone条。
by, till
参见till条。

我是坐船到美国来的。
［误］  I came to America by a ship.
［正］  I came to America by ship.
［析］  by表示“乘”“坐”，后跟宾语，往往不加冠词。
他要坐6:30的火车走。
［误］  He is leaving by 6:30 train.
［正］  He is leaving by the 6:30 train.
［析］  表示交通方式的by短语中的名词若有表示具体时间的词语修饰，须加定冠词。