bruise用作动词的基本意思是“(使)碰伤〔擦伤〕,(使)成於伤”,既可指人、动物受到某种轻微伤害,也可指水果等碰坏,还指人的自尊心、感情受到伤害。

用作不及物动词
▲S+～(+A)
Her feeling bruised easily.她的感情容易受伤害。
Don't drop apples; they bruise easily.苹果易碰伤,要小心轻放。
用作及物动词
▲S+～+n./pron.
She bruised herself against the desk.她撞到书桌上,受了於伤。
She fell and bruised her knee.她摔伤了膝盖。

［词源］＜中古英语brusen(毁损,损坏)

He was covered with bruises.他浑身於肿。
The pear had bruises of dark spots.这个梨子有碰伤的黑斑。
The bruise became black and blue.伤痕变成青紫色。