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| 1. | Cut a trench. |
| 开凿沟渠 |
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| 2. | After this, he spent years begging for alms and then hewed out a cave shrine on Mount Sanwei. Thus was born the first cave shrine of Dunhuang. |
| 于是，他长年化缘募捐，在这里开凿了一个石窟，设置佛龛，敦煌第一座石窟寺乃应运而生。 |
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| 3. | We can see from this that initially the cave diggers aimed mainly at worshipping Buddha. |
| 可见，在敦煌开凿石窟，开始时主要是宣传佛教。 |
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| 4. | Kizil Grottoes and grottoes in Kuqa |
| 克孜尔石窟及库车境内石窟 |
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| 5. | Just curious how much time your tour has spent at places like龙门石窟,南盘江,石林? |
| 很好奇你们在龙门石窟,南盘江,石林各花费了多少时间? |
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| 6. | to dig; to cut; to bore; to excavate |
| 开凿 |
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| 7. | The complex contains the earliest carved grotto in China.No other grottos in China have experienced a longer period of construction and have a richer content. |
| 莫高窟是中国石窟中开凿最早，延续时间最长，规模最大，内容最丰富的一处。 |
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| 8. | It is also among the earliest excavated Chinese grottoes. |
| 它是我国早期开凿的石窟之一。 |
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| 9. | shaft deepening |
| 立井开凿 |
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| 10. | Buddhists began to dig shallow caves (called grottoes) into cliffs or hillside during the 4th century. |
| 佛教徒们从公元4世纪开始，在岩边或山壁开凿洞窟，称作石窟。 |
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