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| 1. | man-made cavern |
| 人工开凿山洞 |
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| 2. | bore a tunnel through a mountain |
| 开凿穿山隧道. |
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| 3. | Cut a trench. |
| 开凿沟渠 |
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| 4. | These resources were overstrained in the completion of the Grand Canal and in the undertaking of other construction projects, including the reconstruction of the Great Wall. |
| 人民不堪重负，在开凿大运河、重建长城、修筑其他的许多建筑等工程中耗尽了体力。 |
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| 5. | Grand Canal d'Alsace |
| 亚尔萨斯大运河 |
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| 6. | the Grand Canal |
| 大运河 |
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| 7. | These resources were overstrained in the completion of the Grand Canal， and in the undertaking of other construction projects, including the reconstruction of the Great Wall. |
| 人民不堪重负，在开凿大运河、建长城、筑其他的许多建筑等工程中耗尽了体力。 |
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| 8. | to dig; to cut; to bore; to excavate |
| 开凿 |
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| 9. | shaft deepening |
| 立井开凿 |
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| 10. | chamber excavating |
| 峒室开凿 |
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