| 21. | As the interaction framework establishes an overall structure for product behavior, and for the form as it relates to behavior, a parallel process focused on the visual and industrial design is also necessary to prepare for detailed design unless you’re working with a well-established visual style. |
| 交互框架建立了产品行为在整体上的结构，至于和行为有关的外形，我们则必须要有一个并行且关注视觉设计和工业设计上的过程。 这样才能逐步细化，继续推进设计工作；除非已经有了现成的视觉风格。 |
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| 22. | One important difference between interaction design patterns and architectural design patterns is the concern of interaction design patterns not only with structure and organization of elements but also with dynamic behaviors and changes in elements in response to user activity. |
| 而交互设计模式和建筑设计模式有一个重要的区别，交互设计模式不仅仅涉及结构和元素组织，还关注响应用户活动的动态行为与变化。 |
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| 23. | The solution to this conundrum is to render the structure as a user imagines it—as monocline grouping—but to provide the search and access tools that only a deep hierarchical organization can offer. |
| 这个难题的解决方法在于根据用户想像的方式，如单层分组来显示结构，但提供只有深层关系组织才能提供的搜索和访问工具。 |
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| 24. | In other words, users should be allowed to choose a starting design or document structure in any application from a gallery of possible designs, if they don’t have the need or desire to create one from scratch. |
| 换而言之，如果用户没有白手起家的需要或者期望的话，任何程序都应该允许用户从候选的设计库中选择一个初始设计或者文档结构。 |
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| 25. | Popularized by Swiss typographers in the years after World War II, the use of a grid provides a uniform and consistent structure to layout, which is particularly important when designing an interface with several levels of visual or functional complexity. |
| 第2次世界大战之后，在瑞士的印刷业中开始流行这种网格系统。 它为布局提供了一种统一且一致的结构，对于设计有视觉层次和功能上较为复杂的界面特别重要。 |
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| 26. | In the many situations where it is not appropriate to restructure an applications menu structure, much good can be done merely by making good choices about how menu standards are applied. |
| 尽管在很多情形下是不适合调整应用的菜单结构，但仅仅是思考一下如何来更好地运用菜单标准就会大大有益于产品的设计。 |
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| 27. | He may not recall from use to use exactly which command is needed to act on a particular object, but he will definitely remember the relationships between objects and actions—the important concepts—if the interface’s conceptual structure is consistent with his mental model. |
| 他可能想不起到底是使用哪个命令来执行特定对象，但是会确切地想起对象和动作之间的关系——一些重要的概念——如果界面的概念结构与其心智模型一致的话。 |
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| 28. | Most interface standards emphasize the syntax of the interface, its visual look-and-feel, but say little about deeper behaviors of the interface or about its higher-level logical and organizational structure. |
| 作者这里将界面标准同这个手册类比）就可以写出优秀的小说是一样，都是不可取的。 多数界面标准强调的是界面的语法，其视觉外观和感觉很少涉及界面更深的行为，或更高层次的逻辑和组织结构。 |
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| 29. | They focus on how to match the visual structure of the interface to the logical structure of both the users’ mental models and the program’s behaviors. Visual interface designers are also concerned with the communication of program states to users (i.e., read-only vs. editable) and with cognitive issues surrounding user perception of functions (layout, visual hierarchy, figure-ground issues, and so on). |
| 他们要关注如何用界面的视觉结构匹配用户的心理模型或者产品的行为，也必须关注如何将程序的状态传达给用户（例如，文档的只读状态和编辑状态），还要关注围绕着用户感知功能方面（布局、视觉层次及图形背景问题等）的认知性问题。 |
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| 30. | After you have a good idea of the flow and structure of a user’s activities and interactions and you have exhausted other questions, it is often useful to ask the interviewee for a show and tell or grand tour of artifacts related to the design problem. |
| 在了解用户活动和交互的流程和结构，并且完成其他问题之后，请求访谈对象进行演示和讲解，或者展示与设计问题相关的人工制品非常有用。 |
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