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| 11. | reasoning by induction |
| 由归纳法推理 |
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| 12. | By land; on land |
| 由陆路 |
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| 13. | caused by an allergy |
| 由变态反应引起的;由过敏引起的 |
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| 14. | by the good offices of |
| 由￥的斡旋|由￥的努力 |
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| 15. | Supported by boxes |
| 由箱子支撑 |
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| 16. | Supported by piles |
| 由桩子支撑 |
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| 17. | calibration by measurement |
| 由量度校准 |
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| 18. | Work done by hand rather than by machine. |
| 手工由手工完成而不是由机器干的活 |
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| 19. | Relieved by Jack: |
| 由杰克接班 |
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| 20. | Is your personal income tax to be paid by yourself or by your company? |
| 个人所得税由本人承担，还是由单位承担？ |
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